无障碍网页指引

In order to assure that websites and web applications are accessible to everyone, 加州大学洛杉矶分校网页设计师, 开发人员, 内容创作者必须遵循最新的网页可访问性指南.

形式

形式 are commonly used to provide user interaction on websites and in web applications. 以使在线表格可访问, 每个表单字段都必须有一个标识其用途的描述性标签. The label should be placed adjacent to its respective field and must be associated with the field.

You can improve the accessibility of your form by following these best practices.

  • 就如何填写表格提供清晰的说明.
  • 明确指定必填字段.
  • 按逻辑顺序放置表单字段.
  • 对相关的表单字段进行分组并适当地标记它们.
  • 确保表单字段可以使用键盘导航.
  • 确保错误被清楚地传达并且易于识别.

 Drupal网站

如果你的网页是托管在大学的Drupal网络平台(www.drupal.org)上.wanshanwashajixie.com)，您可以通过使用网络form内容类型轻松创建可访问的表单. 添加新表单字段时, the label you enter for the field is automatically associated with the corresponding field. 您还可以使用拖放功能轻松地对字段进行分组和排序. 有关如何在Drupal中创建表单的说明，请访问 创建网络forms 页面.

 Non-Drupal网站

如果你的网页托管在大学的网络服务器(web.calstatela.Edu)或第三方, 使用正确的HTML标记将标签与其对应的字段关联起来. 如果您使用JavaScript来操作表单数据或进行表单验证, 确保表单仍然可以使用键盘进行导航. 欲了解更多信息，请访问 W3C的表单概念 页面和 网络AIM创建可访问表单 页面.

帧

帧

框架用于将网页分成不同的部分, 每个部分都有自己的窗口. If possible, avoid using frames because they create usability and accessibility issues. 如果你必须使用框架, ensure that each frame has a meaningful title which gives a clear indication of the content within that frame. 也, include a element to specify equivalent content for web browsers that do not support frames or are configured not to display them.</p> <h3>Iframes</h3> <p>Inline frames (iframes) are used to embed content from one web页面 into another (e.g.比如YouTube上的视频或社交媒体小工具). 如果您在页面上合并iframe，请确保它有一个有意义的标题. 也, provide alternative content by including a text description between the iframe start and end tags.</p> <p>欲了解更多信息，请访问 <a href="http://webaim.org/techniques/frames/">网络AIM创建可访问的框架和iframe</a> 页面.</p> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="field__item"> <div class="padding-above-below paragraph paragraph--type--accordion paragraph--id--921171 paragraphs-item-921171 paragraph--view-mode--default accordion" id="accordion-921171"> <div class="field field--name-field-section-heading field--type-string field--label-hidden field__items"> <h2 class="field__item">标题</h2> </div><div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-field-text-limited field--type-text-long field--label-hidden field__items"> <div class="field__item"><p>标题s help users understand what information is contained on a web页面和 how that information is organized. 标题s also allow screen-reader and assistive technology users to skim the structure of a 页面和 navigate to or skip over sections.</p> <p>在设计页面结构时，请遵循以下最佳实践.</p> <ul><li>使用标题来表示页面的结构，而不是视觉效果.</li> <li>对所有可视标题应用标题标记(h1-h6). 不格式化文本，使其看起来像一个标题.</li> <li>只使用一个主标题(h1)作为页面标题.</li> <li>正确排序标题. h1的副标题为h2s, h2s的副标题为h3s，以此类推.</li> <li>Make headings short and descriptive so users can easily find the information they are looking for.</li> <li>确保所有的标题都有相关的内容.e.，没有空标题).</li> </ul><h3><i aria-hidden="true" class="fab fa-drupal"> </i> Drupal网站</h3> <p>如果你的网页是托管在大学的Drupal网络平台(www.drupal.org)上.wanshanwashajixie.com)，您可以应用标题样式(标题2，标题3等).)，使用所见即所得工具栏上的格式按钮. 在Drupal, 页面标题被标记为标题1, so the first level of subheadings within the 页面 content should be marked up as 标题 2.</p> <h3><i aria-hidden="true" class="far fa-code"> </i> Non-Drupal网站</h3> <p>如果你的网页托管在大学的网络服务器(web.calstatela.Edu)或第三方, use correct HTML markup to style headings (h1, h2, h3, etc.). 欲了解更多信息，请访问 <a href="http://www.w3.org/WAI/tutorials/page-structure/headings/">W3C的标题</a> 页面.</p> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="field__item"> <div class="padding-above-below paragraph paragraph--type--accordion paragraph--id--921176 paragraphs-item-921176 paragraph--view-mode--default accordion" id="accordion-921176"> <div class="field field--name-field-section-heading field--type-string field--label-hidden field__items"> <h2 class="field__item">图片</h2> </div><div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-field-text-limited field--type-text-long field--label-hidden field__items"> <div class="field__item"><p>图像可以增强内容或增加网页的视觉趣味, 但有视力障碍的人无法进入. To be accessible, all images are required to have an equivalent alternative text (alt text). 它由屏幕阅读器读取，而不是图像, 允许访问图像的内容和功能. The most appropriate alt text for an image depends on the purpose of the image within the context of the web页面.</p> <ul><li>如果图像传达了简单的信息, Alt文本应该传达与图像相同的基本信息.</li> <li>如果一幅图像传达了复杂的信息(例如.g., 图表或图表), it should include a short alt text and a long description that provides more detail about the image.</li> <li>如果图像纯粹是装饰性的，则alt属性应该为空(alt=""). 这告诉屏幕阅读器完全忽略图像.</li> <li>如果图像有标题或在相邻的文本中描述, the alt attribute should be empty (alt="") so that the information is not read twice by screen readers.</li> <li>如果图像包含文本，则所有文本应包含相同的文本.</li> <li>如果图片被链接，那么alt文本应该描述链接的目的地.</li> <li>If an image is used as a button, the alt text should describe the button's purpose.</li> </ul><p>欲了解更多信息，请访问 <a href="http://webaim.org/techniques/alttext/">网络AIM的替代文本</a> 页面.</p> <h3><i aria-hidden="true" class="fab fa-drupal"> </i> Drupal网站</h3> <p>确保托管在大学Drupal网络平台上的网站(www.drupal.org).calstatela.Edu)满足可访问性要求，所有图像都需要Alt文本. 有关如何在Drupal中添加图像的说明，请访问 <a href="/support/adding-images">添加图片</a> 页面.</p> <h3><i aria-hidden="true" class="far fa-code"> </i> Non-Drupal网站</h3> <p>如果你的网页托管在大学的网络服务器(web.calstatela.Edu)或由第三方提供，请确保所有图像都包含适当的Alt文本. 欲了解更多信息，请访问 <a href="http://www.w3.org/WAI/tutorials/images/">W3C的图像概念</a> 页面和 <a href="http://webaim.org/techniques/images/">网络AIM的无障碍图像</a> 页面.</p> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="field__item"> <div class="padding-above-below paragraph paragraph--type--accordion paragraph--id--921181 paragraphs-item-921181 paragraph--view-mode--default accordion" id="accordion-921181"> <div class="field field--name-field-section-heading field--type-string field--label-hidden field__items"> <h2 class="field__item">链接</h2> </div><div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-field-text-limited field--type-text-long field--label-hidden field__items"> <div class="field__item"><p>链接是网站最基本、最重要的元素之一. They are essential for website navigation and can be used to cross-reference related content. As a result, inaccessible links are one of the biggest issues a website can have.</p> <h3>何时使用链接</h3> <p>You can improve the usability and accessibility of your links by following these best practices.</p> <ul><li>使用断章取义时有意义的链接文本. 避免使用冗余或模糊的链接文本，如“点击这里”或“阅读更多”.</li> <li>保持链接文本简洁. A long link is more likely to break across lines on a web页面, making it look like two links.</li> <li>避免使用url作为链接文本. If a URL is relatively short such as a site's home页面, it may be used as the link text.</li> <li>不使用相同的文本链接到不同的目的地.</li> <li>确保链接可以使用键盘导航.</li> <li>对链接进行样式设计，使其区别于网页上其他类型的文本. 给链接加下划线是表示文本可点击的标准约定.</li> </ul><p>欲了解更多信息，请访问 <a href="http://webaim.org/techniques/hypertext/">网络AIM的链接和超文本</a> 页面.</p> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="field__item"> <div class="padding-above-below paragraph paragraph--type--accordion paragraph--id--921186 paragraphs-item-921186 paragraph--view-mode--default accordion" id="accordion-921186"> <div class="field field--name-field-section-heading field--type-string field--label-hidden field__items"> <h2 class="field__item">插件</h2> </div><div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-field-text-limited field--type-text-long field--label-hidden field__items"> <div class="field__item"><p>插件 enable web browsers to display a particular file format (PDF, Word, Excel, PowerPoint, etc.). 当一个网页链接到一个需要插件来显示内容的文件时, 必须提供到可以下载插件的页面的链接.</p> <h3><i aria-hidden="true" class="fab fa-drupal"> </i> Drupal网站</h3> <p>如果你的网页是托管在大学的Drupal网络平台(www.drupal.org)上.calstatela.Edu)，则自动满足此要求 for common file types via the 文件的观众 link located in the website footer. 如果您链接到一个需要插件的文件，而该插件没有在列表中列出 <a href="http://dl.wanshanwashajixie.com/">文件查看器和插件</a> 页面，您需要添加一个链接到可以下载插件的页面.</p> <h3><i aria-hidden="true" class="far fa-code"> </i> Non-Drupal网站</h3> <p>如果你的网页托管在大学的网络服务器(web.calstatela.Edu)或第三方, you can meet this requirement by adding a link to a 页面 where the appropriate plug-in can be downloaded. 有关常用文件类型的插件列表，请访问 <a href="http://dl.wanshanwashajixie.com/">文件查看器和插件</a> 页面.</p> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="field__item"> <div class="padding-above-below paragraph paragraph--type--accordion paragraph--id--921191 paragraphs-item-921191 paragraph--view-mode--default accordion" id="accordion-921191"> <div class="field field--name-field-section-heading field--type-string field--label-hidden field__items"> <h2 class="field__item">Skip-Navigation</h2> </div><div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-field-text-limited field--type-text-long field--label-hidden field__items"> <div class="field__item"><p>许多网站都有跨多个页面的冗余导航链接. 适用于屏幕阅读器用户和通过键盘导航的用户, these links can become burdensome if there is no way to efficiently skip past them. 提高网站的可访问性, include a skip navigation link on each 页面 to allow site visitors to skip over repetitive 页面 elements and get to the main content.</p> <h3><i aria-hidden="true" class="fab fa-drupal"> </i> Drupal网站</h3> <p>如果你的网页是托管在大学的Drupal网络平台(www.drupal.org)上.calstatela.Edu)，则自动满足此要求. Drupal中创建的每个页面都包含一个“跳到内容”链接.</p> <h3><i aria-hidden="true" class="far fa-code"> </i> Non-Drupal网站</h3> <p>如果你的网页托管在大学的网络服务器(web.calstatela.Edu)或第三方, you can meet this requirement by adding a link at the top of each 页面 that goes directly to the main content. 欲了解更多信息，请访问 <a href="http://webaim.org/techniques/skipnav/">网络AIM的跳过导航链接</a> 页面.</p> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="field__item"> <div class="padding-above-below paragraph paragraph--type--accordion paragraph--id--921196 paragraphs-item-921196 paragraph--view-mode--default accordion" id="accordion-921196"> <div class="field field--name-field-section-heading field--type-string field--label-hidden field__items"> <h2 class="field__item">表</h2> </div><div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-field-text-limited field--type-text-long field--label-hidden field__items"> <div class="field__item"><p>表 should be used to present data; they should not be used to create a 页面 layout. 使数据表可访问, it needs to include column and/or row headers and markup that associates data cells to their respective headers.</p> <h3><i aria-hidden="true" class="fab fa-drupal"> </i> Drupal网站</h3> <p>如果你的网页是托管在大学的Drupal网络平台(www.drupal.org)上.calstatela.Edu)，您可以轻松创建可访问的表. 将表添加到页面时, make sure to specify column and/or row headers in the Table Properties dialog box. 根据你的选择, Drupal will automatically add the appropriate markup to your table to associate data cells with their headers. 有关如何在Drupal中添加表的说明，请访问 <a href="/support/adding-tables">添加表</a> 页面.</p> <h3><i aria-hidden="true" class="far fa-code"> </i> Non-Drupal网站</h3> <p>如果你的网页托管在大学的网络服务器(web.calstatela.Edu)或第三方, make sure to create accessible tables by using the appropriate HTML markup to associate data cells with their headers. 欲了解更多信息，请访问 <a href="http://ta.wanshanwashajixie.com/">W3C的表概念</a> 页面和 <a href="http://webaim.org/techniques/tables/data">网络AIM创建可访问表</a> 页面.</p> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="field__item"> <div class="padding-above-below paragraph paragraph--type--accordion paragraph--id--921201 paragraphs-item-921201 paragraph--view-mode--default accordion" id="accordion-921201"> <div class="field field--name-field-section-heading field--type-string field--label-hidden field__items"> <h2 class="field__item">文本</h2> </div><div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-field-text-limited field--type-text-long field--label-hidden field__items"> <div class="field__item"><p>To be accessible, website text must have a high level of readability and legibility. Readability is the ease with which a reader can recognize words, sentences, and paragraphs. Legibility is the ease with which a reader can recognize individual characters in text.</p> <p>您可以通过遵循这些最佳实践来提高文本的可访问性.</p> <ul><li>写作清晰简洁.</li> <li>用标题和列表组织内容.</li> <li>使用真实的文本，而不是嵌入在图形中的文本.</li> <li>在文本和背景之间提供足够的对比.</li> <li>选择简单易读的字体.</li> <li>避免使用小字体.</li> <li>字体大小使用相对单位.</li> <li>避免完全对齐的文本.</li> <li>避免闪烁或移动文本.</li> <li>限制使用字体变体，例如 <strong>大胆的</strong>, <em>斜体</em>，并全部大写字母.</li> <li>除非文本是链接，否则不要在文本中添加下划线.</li> <li>识别语言的任何变化(e).g.(从英语到西班牙语).</li> </ul></div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="field__item"> <div class="padding-remove paragraph-width-100 paragraph paragraph--type--content paragraph--id--921206 paragraphs-item-921206 entity_921206 paragraph--view-mode--default paragraphs-item-content"> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-field-text field--type-text-long field--label-hidden field__items"> <div class="field__item"><h3>创建可访问的网络内容</h3> <p>Most web content can be made accessible by following the simple guidelines listed above. For a comprehensive list of web accessibility guidelines and how to meet them, visit <a href="http://webaim.org/standards/wcag/checklist">网络AIM的WCAG 2.0的清单</a> 页面和 <a href="http://www.w3.org/WAI/WCAG20/quickref/">W3C如何满足WCAG 2.0</a> 页面.</p> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="field__item"> <div class="padding-above-below paragraph paragraph--type--accordion paragraph--id--921211 paragraphs-item-921211 paragraph--view-mode--default accordion" id="accordion-921211"> <div class="field field--name-field-section-heading field--type-string field--label-hidden field__items"> <h2 class="field__item">Color</h2> </div><div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-field-text-limited field--type-text-long field--label-hidden field__items"> <div class="field__item"><h3>色彩的运用</h3> <p>色彩是网页设计的一个重要方面. 然而，一些用户在感知颜色方面有困难. 使用颜色时, ensure that it is not the only visual means of conveying information. 如果你用颜色来传达信息(e.g., 指定必需的字段, 超链接, 活跃的元素, 或其他资料), 包括第二种区分方法. 例如, 如果网页引导访问者按下绿色按钮寻求帮助, 它还应该包括按钮上的“帮助”字样. This way, a person who is colorblind can still identify that the button is for help.</p> <h3>颜色对比</h3> <p>使用颜色时, provide sufficient contrast between text and its background so that people who have visual impairments can read the content.</p> <ul><li>文本和背景之间的最小对比度应为4.5:1.</li> <li>文本 that is larger (at least 18 points if not 大胆的 or 14 points if 大胆的) can have a contrast ratio of 3:1.</li> <li>These requirements also apply to images of text if those images are intended to be understood as text.</li> <li>装饰性且不传达任何信息的文本没有对比度要求.</li> </ul><p>使用 <a href="http://yo2.wanshanwashajixie.com/">网络AIM颜色对比检查器</a> 要测试文本与其背景之间的对比度:</p> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </article> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </main> <footer class="mt-auto"> <div class="footer-region-wrapper"> <div class="container"> <div class="region region-footer"> <div class="block block-block-content block-block-content80a0df05-0cd4-45f9-ac39-38a1f032cc80" id="block-footerlogo"> <div class="clearfix 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